Why I’m Cutting Back on Multi-Tasking (And You Should Too)

by Jeffrey Tang · Comments

Multi-Tasking Frustration

Multi-tasking is one of those big watchwords for aspiring entrepreneurs.

And in the modern workplace, where a buzzing swarm of phone calls, memos, emails, and instant messages constantly demands our attention, it’s easy to see why. Being successful means we’re constantly in contact and on call.

We become multi-taskers very early on. The virtues of multi-tasking are drilled into us by years of schooling. Learn to multi-task properly, we’re told, and the world will open up for us. Our productivity will skyrocket, our supervisors will love us, and that juicy promotion will come our way.

Or so they say.

But multi-tasking isn’t all it’s cracked up to be. I’m cutting way back on my multi-tasking – and here’s why.

1. Multi-Tasking Lowers Quality

Have you ever driven through a really bad storm? The kind of storm that turns your windshield white with exploding raindrops and pushes your car from side to side with furious gusts of wind?

When I encounter a storm like that, I start to really concentrate on my driving. I stop glancing at the scenery. I turn off the radio. I stop talking to my friend in the passenger seat. Why? Because all these things – all the multi-tasking that I do in the car- will affect my ability to drive well.

If you’re a chronic multi-tasker like me, you probably spend a lot of time convincing yourself that multi-tasking doesn’t affect the quality of your work. But, just like a driver in the rain, we know deep inside that we do our best work when we stop multi-tasking and focus on that one important thing.

2. Multi-Tasking Leads to Rapid Burnout

I honestly believe that our obsession with multi-tasking is one of the reasons why we get burned out so quickly.

If focusing on a single task is like smooth riding on a train of thought, then multi-tasking is like jumping from track to track hoping nothing runs you over.  Without the time to focus on something, finish it, and move on, you lose the sense of accomplishment, which is very important. It’s like being on a sugar rush – you experience a brief burst of energy that leaves you physically and mentally exhausted.

3. Multi-Tasking Destroys Productivity

But wait! Isn’t multi-tasking supposed to make you more productive? Unfortunately, I think the answer is no.

In my personal experience, multi-tasking is very good at making me feel productive. Because I’m frantically dealing with ten tasks at the same time, I feel like I’m getting a lot done.

But being busy isn’t the same as being productive. At the end of the day, when I step back and take stock, I’m invariably disappointed at how little progress I’ve made by multi-tasking like a madman. In fact, I tend to get less done on days when I multi-task heavily.

It’s Not All Bad … But it Might be Lazy

Of course, multi-tasking isn’t all bad. Many people are able to accomplish quite a bit even when multi-tasking.  And there are times when we have no choice but to take on several jobs at once.

Most of the time, however, I find myself resorting to frantic multi-tasking out of laziness. By laziness, I mean that I’ve probably failed to:

  • Organize my work priorities
  • Eliminate unnecessary tasks
  • Tune out distractions from co-workers or the Internet
  • Plan out my work day
  • Delegate to the right people

I’m Going Back to Single-Tasking. What About You?

Are you a multi-tasker? Do you think it’s possible to do really great work while multi-tasking – or do you think that focusing on one task at a time is better? Are you more or less productive while multi-tasking?

Answer these and other burning questions with a wonderful comment below.

- Jeffrey

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  • ehsanzaferasa
    Jeffery, you appear to be more or less practical, especially when you highligted the reasons why a person is compelled to take recourse to this habit - the failure to organize and prioritize things ahead in time. Great work!
  • LucReid
    I enjoyed this post, Jeffrey, particularly the point about driving in a heavy rain and I'm looking forward to reading more here on the Art of Great Things.

    There's some useful neurological information to back up what you're saying about multitasking: essentially, that our brains are designed to pay attention to only one thing at once. That doesn't rule out effective multitasking, as long as only one of the things you're doing requires any real attention (I go on about this in more detail on The Willpower Engine at http://www.willpowerengine.com/?p=567 ). But the kinds of multitasking that you're talking about do seem to greatly reduce our efficiency by causing to have to put away one frame of mind and set up another, then switch back, over and over again.
  • emanova
    some times you just cant ! for example i have three bosses and they just enjoy teasing each other by giving me tasks on teh same time at the same priority.., and enjoy watching whose task will be done first to feel like the most important Boss !

    i am going crazy ! !
  • I couldn't help but post my MT post here. My mission in life is to get modern man to stop stressing and concentrate on what's right in front of your face. Let everything else go and deal with what's here and now. You'll be much more calm and happy. And you'll appear to everyone else a cool customer who can handle any crisis with aplomb.
  • Heather bustled through the nurses station. She was floating tonight. No I don't mean like a ghost, or even like a butterfly. The float nurse has no patient assignment. She helps out the other nurses when they're overwhelmed. She looked at me sitting and doing nothing except scratching my...well I won't talk about what I was scratching.

    "Do you need any help?"

    "No, I can reach my...whatever just fine thank you."

    "Why is it you never need help?" she asked.

    You see, when everyone in the ER is bustling around multi-tasking the Burn is just as likely to be sitting and scratching. I like to think I can "multi-task" with the best of them. You want to know how I do it? I don't multi-task.

    Guess what. Nobody really multi-tasks. You can only do one thing at a time. Great "multi-taskers" are really great prioritizers.

    Stop, take a breath and look at your multiple tasks. Decide which is the most important and that's the only thing you have to worry about right now. Once that's done stop look and do the next one. That's really all there is to it.

    You'll find this really cuts down on the stress and exponentially increases your scratching time. You'll also find that some tasks keep getting prioritized down until it's discharge time and guess what. They're suddenly not so important.

    Now it's much more important to discharge Frank Footstink than to get a UDS that you know will be positive for everything except water.

    As you get better you can break large tasks into smaller steps. You'll actually be able to accomplish smaller steps from seperate tasks, appearing to be doing two things at once. I once ran a trauma code and gave thrombolytic therapy to an acute CVA patient "at the same time". There literally was no other nurse available because everyone else was multi-tasking like chickens with their heads cut off.
  • Hear hear, multitasking actually lowers productivity AND quality but its so addictive :-). Especially working in a corporate environment, I and my friends play this game called "catch up with your mail" all day long. At the end of the day, we are quite exhausted, satisfied even, but little has been accomplished :-).


    What are the solutions to counter the culture of multi-tasking? Especially in corporate environments where busyness is often mistaken for productivity?



    Also, being able to effectively single task requires you to train the mind. A calm focussed mind is indeed powerful, but to get there requires some training. Especially in concentration. Any thoughts, pointers :-)?
  • akanderson
    Jeffrey,
    I just came across an article that I thought you might find interesting. It goes along with what you have written here. Just passing it along: http://bit.ly/wmdgY

    Hope this finds you well,

    Adam K. Anderson
  • madeleinekolb
    Hi again, Jeffrey
    Two follow-up comments:



    1. In the strictest sense, multi-tasking is switching from one task to another--often due to interruption. For example, you're deep into writing a report when someone walks into your cubicle and starts talking about some totally unrelated matter. When that happened to me at work, I could almost feel my brain trying to crank into another gear. Once I had to ask a co-worker, "What are you talking about?" Multi-tasking is not having multiple projects going at work.



    2. You asked me for some specifics on the research I mentioned in my first comment. At Carnegie Mellon University, it's Dr. Marcel Just, for one. If you Goggle "multi-tasking effects," you'll get zillions more. Another suggestion is Google Scholar, which has more technical studies.



    Again, great post on many levels. I want to write on this also when the blogging bootcamp is over.
  • great article i totally agree about multi tasking...productivity may be increased but the work quality when you're juggling things around may not be so good. keep on writing great articles jeffrey
  • Haha - a great way to illustrate the dilemma so we all face when it comes to multi-tasking. Thanks for commenting!
  • rwjackson
    I totally agree. It's one of the main problems in the world today is that everyone is doing ten things and no one is doing just one thing. I am through multi-tasking too...as soon as I finish these ten things I'm doing...


    ~RW
  • I wouldn't go so far as to call multi-tasking a myth, though I think it's more accurate to think of multi-tasking as rapidly switching between tasks, rather than doing several things at the same time. I do agree that concentrate on finishing one thing at a time is a more efficient way of getting things done.


    Glad to see you enjoyed this post :) Hope to see you back here soon with more great input!
  • Great article. Multi-tasking is a myth, in my opinion.


    The secret to getting things finished is to work on one thing, and work on it till its done.



    Look forward to more posts! Thanks.
  • Brian, thank you for all the great feedback - and for subscribing! Please do share that series of posts with me when you publish them.
  • budhennekes
    Hey man. Have you read "the multi task myth" Great book..


    It takes about 30 seconds for us to consciously switch back and fourth between tasks. Those 30 seconds really add up after a while.



    Great post man.
  • sbriansmith
    Fantastic post, Jeffrey. I am in the process of posting five posts on my blog about how to spend less time at work - your post has more or less summarized all of them: single-tasking. The only way to get in the "zone" is to single-task. When you are focused on getting one project or task complete, I have found you can get that task done so much more quickly! If you get your job done in less time, you can spend less time at work so you can get out there and start your own business.


    The biggest hurdle is forcing yourself to limit distractions and stop multi-tasking!



    Great post and a great blog. Thanks to @zen_habits for turning me on to your blog. Subscribed!
  • akanderson
    I suppose it has, for the most part, always been my position to oversee multiple employees and functions. I have always needed to be on top of my game in a variety of disciplines in order for the operation I am charged with to be completed correctly (not to diminish the work of those actually completing it). When I took a step backward to complete my schooling I found myself in a position where I was expected to accomplish only one task that was in no way demanding of my time. Rather than feel underutilized, I found a way to load myself with varying tasks so I would always be serving a purpose.
    To that degree though, I think it is important to understand the art of delegation. When you over-purpose yourself, you have to ensure that once your assignments begin to overlap you have someone to fill the void in your stead.

    To my point, I guess multi-tasking can truly be a positive thing for those who, like myself, feel the need to "stay in high gear constantly" (as you so correctly stated) - that is, so long as they know when to cut the cord, and know who best to hand it over to.

    Also though, that isn't to say that someone who does tasks singly is any less valuable. The act of collaborating (in this instance multi-tasking and delegating between persons) runs the risk of producing a product that isn't fluid in thought or design. I may start with one vision, but however capable the person is who receives it from me is, they may have a different understanding and therefore the end result could end up being confused and overcomplicated if not completely worthless.

    I guess I can only say I have found multi-tasking to work best for me ... thus far. But in relying on either end of the spectrum, there will always be faults. All we can hope to do I suppose is to learn from our mistakes (and hope our bosses can see us through that) and continue to fail and succeed until we find something that gives us our own best results.

    I for sure am not even close to the mid-point in traveling that road :)
  • That's a very good suggestion, Melissa. I will definitely be keeping that in mind tomorrow at work :) Thank you very much!
  • melissakennedy
    Here's another perspective on multi-tasking. Instead of doing several activities at the same time (which, I agree, probably decreases productivity), how about choosing activities which move you toward several goals simultaneously, and doing those activities one at a time? A simple example: if I want to exercise, and I want to spend time with my family, I might spend 30 minutes dancing to the Wiggles with my daughter. I see this as a very productive way to multi-task.
  • Adam -


    I really appreciate your comment! I agree that people have different work styles, and that having a lot of things going on may suit some people better. Personally, I see nothing wrong with taking on extra tasks in order to stay active throughout the work day. However, I do find it very helpful to complete tasks one at a time; I end up finishing things faster that way.



    I'm curious - what makes you enjoy taking on extra tasks? Do you find that you're more productive when you stay in high gear constantly?



    Thanks for sharing your point of view - it's always good to have a healthy debate going on :) Hope to hear from you again soon!
  • Hey Madeleine,


    Thanks for leaving such a great comment! I actually haven't read up on any of these studies; would you happen to know where I can get the information?



    I think that multi-tasking will always have -some- place in the business world; the trick is to multi-task responsibly and learn to focus on just one thing at a time when necessary.
  • richardmiles
    Kinda depends on what one means by 'multi-tasking.' I don't think we can do anything well unless we are quite mindfully doing one thing at a time. It's also no fun to do anything except in that way. On the other time I am certain that some people can become a serial 'doer' of one task at a time. I frequently set up two or three tasks at the beginning of a day. Sometimes I cycle from one to another as mood or circumstance dictates and sometimes pursue one or another to completion.
  • akanderson
    Jeffrey,
    I liked your article and appreciated your view. I have to disagree personally though. I have found that when my work day is planned out, routine, and too well organized I am far less productive than when I have multiple things to do all through out the day. I find myself taking on extra tasks in order to fill my workday with constant activity rather than face, what I consider to be, a day of step-by-step work. By far, I am someone who responds far better in a reactive environment than any other.

    Again though, thank you for your views. It helps to be familiar with both sides of any coin!
  • Hey, Jeffrey
    I so agree. There's been a lot of research done on multi-tasking at Carnegie Mellon University and elsewhere. It turns out that our brains can't truely multi-task. What we do is switch from one activity to another. So we have to stop doing one thing and start to focus on another. The more complex the activities are or the more unfamiliar they are, the longer it takes to switch. That fits in exactly with your points #1 and 3.



    I'm really glad you posted this because there's seems to be a myth in the business world that multi-tasking is a vital skill, young workers are really great at it, and older workers just can't manage it. However, much of the research showing how multi-tasking reduces productivity and increases error rate has been done with college students. So I loved your response to the comment about age.
  • "Don't interrupt a process - mechanical, administrative or creative. Each interruption adds a tremendous penalty in terms of productivity and quality."


    YES! That's a great way to put it. In a way, multi-tasking is a series of interruptions, as we jump from task to task to task. All those little interruptions really add up.



    I couldn't agree more - the less I allow myself to get distracted by a thousand other tasks, the more I enjoy my work. It's a great feeling.



    I'm glad that you liked this post, Jim - thank you for the great compliment! Please do share your post with me when you finish it. I'd love to hear what you have to add!
  • "One thing worse than getting many jobs done poorly is getting many things done well, only to find out that you focused on doing the things that don't really matter."


    I can't tell you how many times I've fallen into that exact trap. But I'm working on getting better. "Clearing the air" by single-tasking really helps me in that department.



    Thank you for the great reminder!
  • I agree, Mary - those little breaks are really, really important. I honestly still find myself needing to multi-task at times, and I don't think that I'll ever be able to eliminate -all- multi-tasking from my day. By concentrating on reducing the amount of multi-tasking I do, however, I feel like I'm able to get more done overall.


    Thanks for pointing out some of the difficulties of NOT multi-tasking; something for me to think about!
  • Thanks for the compliment, Charley!


    You make a very good point about the corporate reality. The way a lot of businesses are set up, employees are -forced- to multi-task all the time. I wonder if that's one of the reasons why so many people dislike the corporate lifestyle. What's ironic is that all the multi-tasking might actually be hurting overall productivity. That might be a topic for us to explore in the future :) Thanks for bringing it up!



    I used to feel like I thrived on multi-tasking too. But the more I really think about it, the more I realize I was on a kind of artificial multi-tasking high. I'm not saying that you are the same way, but it's something worth thinking about.



    Thanks for reading, Charley - and good luck with that post for Write to Done! I'm still working on mine as well...
  • I know exactly how you feel, Omar! It's so easy to distract yourself(especially when you're doing something tedious) and call it "multi-tasking." Thanks for reminding me!


    I agree that it's very important to decide which tasks are critical and which ones are not. When I take a few minutes to really examine my to-do list, I almost always find unnecessary things cluttering up my day.
  • That's very true, Belinda. I agree that sometimes multi-tasking is necessary. I do think, however, that we should be very careful about deciding -when- it is necessary.


    Thanks for stopping by!
  • jimlove
    Good for you. Multi-tasking is a total destroyer of productivity. It's about time people started to debunk those who try to make a virtue out of it.


    I do Lean consulting with organizations. For those who don't know what that is, it's the system that made Toyota the giant it is. I've applied it with a number of organizations. One of the key rules? Don't interrupt a process - mechanical, administrative or creative. Each interruption adds a tremendous penalty in terms of productivity and quality.



    We all have problems keeping focused in this day and age, with all of the distractions that we face and the lure of constant stimulus. I'm not saying that you can be perfect or avoid all of that. But multi-tasking is a problem to be dealt with, not a virtue. We all do it to some extend. Don't beat yourself up. But don't brag about it either. Just slowly wean it from your life wherever you can.



    There is an added benefit beyond the fantastic gain in productivity and quality. You'll enjoy it more.



    I am so thrilled with this that I think I'll riff off this idea in my own blog and refer back to you. Fabulous.
  • Hi Jeffrey,
    Thanks for this reminder.

    This reminded me of how I used to do things before I read Stephen Covey's books :P

    One thing worse than getting many jobs done poorly is getting many things done well, only to find out that you focused on doing the things that don't really matter (The 80 part of the 80/20 principle, or the Not-urgent-not-important-tasks).
  • Fully agree with all your points above. But I think for any working mother with little kids and a family to take care, multi tasking is compulsory in order to survive. I think it is easier for men. Maybe doing the right thing at the right time while taking time off regularly for little breaks helps to refresh, refocus & relax. Well, I have survived well through the years.
  • Hey Jeffrey,


    Terrific, thought-provoking post. The concept of single-tasking is gaining a foothold for many out there, mostly because we're tired of running ourselves ragged. I wish I could get there bro. But my reality is not cooperating.



    I find that it is not really possible to single-task for me in my corporate position. I project manage typically several projects at once, many global in nature and with teams in the hundreds, costs in the millions. I find that much of my day is putting out fires on one project or another. It's because of this that I've become a highly skilled multi-tasker. I am quite adepted at seemingly bouncing from task to task. Case in point, as I write this comment, I am listening to Leo's Podcast from today, shoving artichoke dip in my mouth, jotting notes for my morning meeting at work tomorrow, and more or less freaking out about the article I have to put together for Write to Done. Now the keen (and sarcastic!) observer might note that were I better at managing my projects and my life, I might not need to multi-task all day.



    After work, I spend several hours at the hospital because my baby triplets were born several months early. In order to get my blogging done, I actually will sometimes type into my IPOD Touch notes, while I am holding one of the babies. It's absolutely crazy, yes, but I actually thrive on it. Some folks are wired that way.



    Now with all that being said, I am starting to evaluate my life to identify those most critical tasks that apply to my primary passions in life. I expect as I wind up my writing career and start to ween myself off the corporate sphere, things will begin to calm down. Then I can find my own Zen, but till then, things to do, people to see, things to do, all at the same time.



    Namaste,



    -Charley
  • I think you are exactly right, when I find myself trying to work on different problems at the same time, doing a little bit here and a little bit there, after several hours I look back at my results and am deeply disappointed. Multi-tasking is just a way for me to distract myself of the task at hand with other tasks that may or may not be as critical. No matter what, focusing on one thing always gives me good results.


    Great, thanks!
  • belindamunoz
    Thanks for the reminder!
    I myself have thought for a while that multi-tasking is over-rated, but I do think that there are times when you simply must have a few things going on simultaneously. For example, I'll make dinner and play with my 2 1/2 year old at the same time. He may not get high quality mommy-time, but I still need to get him fed.
  • Haha - I don't think it's about age at all. I think there's just a limit to how many things anyone can do at a time without really sacrificing quality and overall productivity.


    Thanks for reading and commenting Klaus!
  • Right on! I feel the exact same way. Multitasking makes me more busy and feel more productive, but definitely not as effective. Maybe I'm just getting too old :)
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